LINUX BASIC COMMANDS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

LINUX BASIC COMMANDS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

·                Ls

Viewing the contents of a file from the active directory. On linux command "dir" alias only in the form of the command "ls". For the command "ls" itself is often created aka "ls -color", so that at the time in the "ls" colors displayed in accordance with the files, usually green to execute, etc.

·                ls -al

View the entire contents of files in the current directory and its files hidden + attributes / permissions of the file, and then display the screen perlayar.

·                cd (directory)

Change directory. Using "cd" without the directory name will deliver you to the home directory. And "cd -" will deliver you to the previous directory.

·                cp source destination

copying a file. example: cp /home/sleepholic/Desktop/Joomla.zip /opt/lampp/htdocs/.Ini means I mengcopyfile Joomla.zip in htdocs folder on the desktop to the lamp.

·                mcopy source destination

Copying a file from / to dos filesystem. Example mcopy a: autoexec.bat / junk .Use "man mtools" command similar to: mdir, mcd, mren, move, mdel, mmd, mrd, mformat ....

·                mv source destination

Move or rename files. Examples: /opt/lampp/htdocs/joomla.zip mv / home / sleepholic / Desktop. This aritnya you move (cut) joomla.zip file to the Desktop .For Rename: mv namaLama namaBaru. Example: mv Joomla.zip Project.zip .ini berartianda rename joomla.zip be project.zip

·                ln -s source destination

Creating symbolic links, examples ln -sf / usr / X11R6 / bin / XF86_SVGA / etc / X11 / X, create symbolic links from the file XF86_SVGA to X

·                rm files

Delete the file. Examples rm this /opt/lampp/htdocs/Joomla.zip Joomla.zip means you delete a file in the folder / opt / lampp / htdocs /

·                mkdir directory

Make a new directory. example mkdir / home / sleepholic / Desktop / folderbaru This means andatelah create a new folder on the desktop with the name folderbaru

·                rmdir directory

Remove empty directories. Can only be done for an empty folder. Example: rmdir / home / sleepholic / Desktop / folderbaru This means you remove folderbaru on Desktop

·                rm -r files

Recursive Remove, Delete files, directories and subdirectories. No matter whether the directory / folder exists isnya or not. any contents will be deleted. Be careful using this command if you are logged in as root, because root can easily delete all files on the system with the above command, there is no command to undelete diLinux (yet)

·                more

To display the screen by screen something. dibelakang.Contoh add more commands: cp --help | more It so help of cp will display the screen-by-screen

·                less filename

Viewing a file screen by screen, and press "q" if you want to get out.

·                pico filename

Edit a text file

·                pico -w filename

Edit a text file, to disable word wrap function, very useful for editing files such as / etc / fstab.

·                lynx file.html

Seeing the html file or browse the net with a text mode, in which the picture / image can not are presented in-kan, but lynx is a browser that is very fast, very useful if you just want an article without image.Contoh: lynx google.com .You will enjoy google in the terminal.

·                tar -xvfz filename.tar.gz

Untar a tar file once uncompress the file (* .tar.gz or * .tgz), who desired to add the directory put option C directory, example -zxvffilename.tar.gz tar -C / opt (put files in the directory / opt)

·                tar -xvf filename.tar

Untar a tar file is not compressed (* .tar).

·                gunzip filename.gz

Uncompress a zip file (* .gz "or * .z). using gzip (also zip or compress) if you want to compress the file.

·                bunzip2 filename.bz2

Uncompress the files with the format (* .bz2) with the utility "bzip2", used on large files.

·                unzip filename.zip

Uncompress the files with the format (* .zip) with the utility "unzip" compatible with pkzip for DOS.

·                find / -name "filename"

Looking for "filename" on your computer starting with the directory /. The filename may contain wildcards (* ,?).

·                locate filename

Search for files with the string "filename". It is easy and fast from the command above.

·                talk username1

Talking with the keyboard with another user who is logged on our machine (or use "talk username1 @ machinename" to talk to other computers). To receive an invitation conversation, type "talk USERNAME2". If someone tries to talk to you and it felt annoying, you can use perinta "mesg n" to reject the message. And use the command "who" or "rwho" to see who is disturbing the user.

·                Mc

Running "Morton Commander" ... uh ... one point "Midnight Commander" as a file manager, fast and good. (If not there install it first.)

·                telnet server

To connect your computer to another computer by using the TELNET protocol. Use the machine name or IP number of the machine, and you will get a login prompt from the machine name, enter the password, oh yes .. you also have to have an account on the remote machine. Telnet will connect you with others and let your computer to the mengoperasikanmesin. Telnet is not very safe, setiapyang you type into an "open text", also with your password! Use ssh instead of telnet to access the machine remotely.

·                rlogin server (= remote login)

Connect you to other computers. Loginname and password, but if your account has been used, then you will get an error message on your password. Very unsafe as well, use ssh instead. rsh server (= remote shell) Another way to connect you to the remote machine. If the login name / password is being used in the remote machine will be, then your password will not be valid. Ditto with rlogin, substitute with ssh. ftp ftp server to another machine, it is very useful for copying files to / from a remote machine. Nor is it safe, use scp ssh instead of family

·                minicom

Minicom program (it can be said as "Procomm / Hyperterminal for Linux").

·                ./program_name

Running the program in the current directory, which is not found in your PATH

·                xinit

Running X-windows server (without a windows manager).

·                .startx

Running X-windows server and load the default window manager. Just like the "win" under DOS with Win3.1

·                startx -: 1

Running subsequent X-windows session on the display 1 (the default use display 0). You can run many GUI terminals simultaneously, to move between the GUI using,, etc, but it will take more memory.

·                x-term

(in X terminal), running X-windows terminal. To exit type "exit" xboing (in X terminal). Very funny guys ...., Like the old games-games ... ..

·                gimp

The program is very good image editor, can be equated with Adobe Photoshop, the difference is this program for free.

·                shutdown -h now

(as root) Shut down the system. Generally used for remote shutdown. Use it to shutdown the console (can be run by the user).

·                Halt

reboot (as root) Halt or reboot the machine. More simple than the above command.

·                man topic

Displays a list of the system manual pages (help) in accordance with the topic. Try "man man". lalutekan "q" to quit the viewer. The command "info topic" Manual pages can be read dilhat by way of "any_command -help".

·                apropos topic

Displays help manual by topic.

·                pwd

Looking at the current working directory (print working directory)

·                hostname

Displays the name of the local host (the machine on which you are working). Use the command "netconf" (as root) to change the hostname of the machine, or edit the file / etc / hosts

·                whoami

Print your login name. to know what you terlogin with the user.

·                id username

Print user id (uid) or group id (gid)

·                date

Print or change the date and time on the computer, for example to change the date and time to 2000-12-31 23:57 with the command; date 123123572000

·                time

Looking at the amount of time that a process is handled to completion + other info. Not to be confused with the command "date" whoMelihat users who log onto our computer.

·                rwho -a

See all users who log on your network. Service must be activated rwho command, run the setup as root to activate.

·                finger username

Viewing user information, try running; finger root

·                last

Looking at the previous user has logged in komputer.uptimeMelihat amount of time the use of computers by one, starting the last reboot.

·                ps (= print status)

Seeing processes run by the user.

·                pa axu

View the entire process is run, although without any control terminal, also displayed the name of the user for each process.

·                Top

Looking at the running processes, with the order of cpu usage. uname -aInformasi your system kernel.

·                free

Information memory (in kilobytes).

·                df -h

(= disk free) Viewing the disk usage information on the entire system (in human-readable form)

·                du / -bh

(= disk usage) View the detailed disk usage for each directory, starting from the root (in human legible form).

·                cat / proc / cpuinfo

Cpu info. Viewing files in the / proc directory is not a real file (not real files).

·                cat / proc / interrupts

Looking at the interrupt address dipakai.cat / proc / versionVersi of Linux and other information.

·                cat / proc / filesystems

See filesystem used.

·                cat / etc / printcap

See a printer that has been set up.

·                lsmod

(as root) Looking at the kernel modules that have been loaded.

·                set

Viewing environment of active users

·                echo $ PATH

Viewing the contents of the variable "PATH". This command can be used to display other environmen variables well. Use the "set" to see the full environmen.

·                dmesg

Print messages during the boot process. (Display file: / var / log / dmesg).

·                adduser

Adding users.

·                clear

Cleaning screen

* some commands require that you log in as root. how to stay adding "sudo" in front perintahmisalkan: sudo rmdir / home / sleepholic / Desktop / x or sudo cp / opt / lampp / lampp / home / sleepholic /